Iowa Longitudinal Personality Project (ILPP)
Associate Professor of Psychology, Southern Methodist University (1989-1993)
Assistant Professor of Psychology, Southern Methodist University (1986-1989)
Visiting Assistant Professor of Psychology, Southern Methodist University (1985-1986)
Research Coordinator, NIH Grant HL32547, Perception of Physical Symptoms and Blood Pressure, Department of Psychology, SMU (James W. Pennebaker, Principal Investigator) (1984-1985)
NIMH Postdoctoral Training Fellowship, Department of Psychiatry,Washington University School of Medicine (1982-1984)
- American Psychological Association
- APA, Division 5, Evaluation and Measurement
- APA, Division 38, Health Psychology
Midwestern Psychological Association
Society for Research in Psychopathology
Associate Editor, Journal of Abnormal Psychology (1994-1999)Consulting Editor, Journal of Abnormal Psychology (1988-1993, 2000-present)
Consulting Editor, Psychological Bulletin (1998-present)
Consulting Editor, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (1998-present)
Consulting Editor, Personality and Social Psychology Review (2000-present)
Consulting Editor, Journal of Personality (2001-present)
Consulting Editor, Journal of Research in Personality (1994-1997)
Consulting Editor, Journal of Research in Personality
Consulting Editor, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology: Personality Processes and Individual Differences (1988-1993)
I was trained as a personality psychologist (with a specialization in personality assessment); not surprisingly, therefore, much of my research examines the nature and significance of important personality traits. My research in this area can be subdivided into four basic types. The first extends our studies of short-term mood states by examining long-term individual differences in temperament and emotionality. For instance, we have conducted several studies examining how basic dimensions of temperament are related to job satisfaction, marital satisfaction, and general life satisfaction. Our data indicate that individual differences in temperament tend to be generalizable across different life contexts, such that people who generally are happy and emotionally stable also tend to be more satisfied with their jobs and with their close interpersonal relationships.
Related Readings:Watson, D. (in press). Positive affectivity: The disposition to experience pleasurable emotional states. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), The handbook of positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Watson, D. (2000). Mood and temperament. New York: Guilford Press. [Chapters 5 and 6]
Watson, D., Hubbard, B., & Wiese, D. (2000). General traits of personality and affectivity as predictors of satisfaction in intimate relationships: Evidence from self- and partner-ratings. Journal of Personality, 68, 413-449.
Watson, D., Wiese, D., Vaidya, J, & Tellegen, A. (1999). The two general activation systems of affect: Structural findings, evolutionary considerations, and psychobiological evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 820-838.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1997). Extraversion and its positive emotional core. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson, & S. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 767-793). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Watson, D., & Slack, A. K. (1993). General factors of affective temperament and their relation to job satisfaction over time. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 54, 181-202.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1992). On traits and temperament: General and specific factors of emotional experience and their relation to the five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 60, 441-476.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1984). Negative Affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 465-490.
A second line of research examines the degree to which individual differences in personality and emotionality tend to persist over time. In other words, does personality tend to be stable, or do people show substantial evidence of change over time? We are particularly interested in examining this issue during early adulthood as people begin to pursue careers and initiate committed, long-term relationships. We also are quite interested in whether certain traits are more stable than others during this critical developmental period. Our results to date suggest that most traits are moderately to strongly stable during this phase of life, with the broad trait of extraversion showing the greatest stability overall.
Related Readings:Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1999). Temperament: A new paradigm for trait psychology. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality (2nd. ed., pp. 399-423). New York: Guilford Press.
Watson, D. (2000). Mood and temperament. New York: Guilford Press. [Chapter 5]
Watson, D., & Walker, L. M. (1996). The long-term temporal stability and predictive validity of trait measures of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 567-577.
A third line of research examines self-other agreement, that is, whether judges can accurately rate the personality characteristics of others. Our data have documented the existence of two important effects. First, judges generally become much more accurate as they become better acquainted with--and, therefore, acquire more information about--the person they are rating (the acquaintanceship effect). Second, certain traits are easier to rate than others. Specifically, traits that are prominently manifested in external behaviors (such as extraversion) are relatively easy to rate (the trait visibility effect), whereas traits that primarily are internal and subjective (such as emotional traits) are more difficult to rate. We also are quite interested in the strategies that raters use when they lack good information about the person they are rating. Our data suggest that one prominent, commonsensical strategy is to assume that others are similar to oneself.
Related Readings:Ready, R., E., Clark, L. A., Watson, D., & Westerhouse, K. (2000). Self- and peer-reported personality: Agreement, trait ratability, and the 'self-based heuristic'. Journal of Research in Personality, 34, 208-224.
Watson, D. (2000). Mood and temperament. New York: Guilford Press. [Chapter 5]
Watson, D., Hubbard, B., & Wiese, D. (2000). Self-other agreement in personality and affectivity: Effects of acquaintanceship, trait visibility, and assumed similarity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 546-558.
Watson, D. (1989). Strangers' ratings of the five robust personality factors: Evidence of a surprising convergence with self-report. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 120-128.
Finally, my colleagues, students and I are interested in how personality traits are related to behavior in various life contexts. For instance, we have conducted several studies to identify trait characteristics that are associated with the frequency of alcohol and drug use. We also have conducted research examining how personality relates to sexual behaviors and attitudes (e.g., engaging in risky sexual behavior), religious beliefs and practices, academic performance, social activism, and political orientation.
Related Readings:Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1999). Temperament: A new paradigm for trait psychology. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality (2nd. ed., pp. 399-423). New York: Guilford Press.
Gray, E. K., & Watson, D. (in press). General and specific traits of personality and their relation to sleep and academic performance. Journal of Personality.
Watson, D., David, J. P., & Suls, J. (1999). Personality, affectivity and coping. In C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Coping: The psychology of what works (pp. 119-140). New York: Oxford University Press.
Watson, D., & Hubbard, B. (1996). Adaptational style and dispositional structure: Coping in the context of the five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 64, 737-774.
- Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1993). Behavioral disinhibition versus constraint: A dispositional perspective. In D. M. Wegner & J. W. Pennebaker (Eds.), Handbook of mental control (pp. 506-527). New York: Prentice-Hall.
My interest in psychopathology initially arose from my basic research in mood and emotion. Many important clinical syndromes--for instance, the mood and anxiety disorders--center around the experience of negative, dysfunctional emotional states. In recent years, however, I have become more broadly interested in identifying the etiological processes that give rise to psychopathology. My ongoing clinical research can be subclassified into three broad types. First, my colleagues and I have developed a model that emphasizes the importance of the positive mood system in major depression and other mood disorders. Our interest was sparked by data establishing that anhedonia--that, is a general lack of interest and pleasure--is a prominent symptom that distinguishes depression from other types of psychopathology. We also have found that cyclic, rhythmic processes are an innate, inherent feature of both (1) certain mood disorders (especially bipolar disorder) and (2) normal-range fluctuations in positive mood. Finally, we have begun to explore the role that the sleep-wake system plays in both depression and in normal-range mood fluctuations.
Related Readings:Watson, D. (2000). Mood and temperament. New York: Guilford Press. [Chapter 8]
Watson, D., Wiese, D., Vaidya, J, & Tellegen, A. (1999). The two general activation systems of affect: Structural findings, evolutionary considerations, and psychobiological evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 820-838.
Mineka, S., Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1998). Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 377-412.
- Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1995). Depression and the melancholic temperament. European Journal of Personality, 9, 351-366.
Clark, L. A., Watson, D., & Mineka, S. (1994). Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 103-116.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 316-336.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Carey, G. (1988). Positive and Negative Affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 346-353.
Second, I have an ongoing program of research that seeks to identify basic dimensions of personality and emotionality that underlie the anxiety disorders. I am interested in both the broad trait of neuroticism/negative emotionality--which appears to be an important component of all the major anxiety disorders--as well as more specific dimensions that are unique to particular disorders (e.g., anxiety sensitivity, which has been implicated in the onset and subsequent course of panic disorder). In a related vein, we are trying to isolate the factors that contribute to the somatic manifestations of anxiety that are prominent in hypochondriasis and panic disorder. To date, our research has identified several important dimensions, including somatic absorption (i.e., the tendency to attend to internal somatic sensations) and illness worry (i.e., the tendency to worry about one's health). We also are investigating individual differences in compulsiveness and obsessionality, and are using these data to develop a general dimensional model for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Our results currently suggest a four-factor model, consisting of the dimensions of obsessive checking, compulsive rituals, obsessive cleanliness, and hoarding. Finally, we are investigating the basic symptom dimensions of post-traumatic stress disorder, using data collected from a very large sample of Gulf War-era veterans.
Related Readings:Watson, D. (2000). Mood and temperament. New York: Guilford Press. [Chapter 8]
Watson, D., & Wu, K. (2000). Understanding the obsessive-compulsive spectrum: A four-factor model of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. In M. Maj, N. Sartorius, A. Okasha, & J. Zohar (Eds.), Evidence & Experience in Psychiatry. Vol. 4: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (pp. 228-230). New York: Wiley.
Watson, D. (1999). Dimensions underlying the anxiety disorders: A hierarchical perspective. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 12, 181-186.
Mineka, S., Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1998). Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 377-412.
- Clark, L. A., Watson, D., & Reynolds, S. (1995). Diagnosis and classification of psychopathology: Challenges to the current system and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 121-153.
Watson, D., Weber, K., Assenheimer, J. S., Clark, L. A., Strauss, M. E., & McCormick, R. A. (1995). Testing a tripartite model: I. Evaluating the convergent and discriminant validity of anxiety and depression symptom scales. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 3-14.
Clark, L. A., Watson, D., & Mineka, S. (1994). Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 103-116.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 316-336.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Carey, G. (1988). Positive and Negative Affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 346-353.
Third, because of my graduate training in hypnosis, I long have been interested in altered, dissociated states of consciousness. I have developed a three-factor model of dissociation that examines individual differences in (1) fantasy and imagination, (2) obliviousness and forgetfulness, and (3) detachment and depersonalization. These phenomena are frequently seen in normal individuals (in which case they are not necessarily maladaptive) and also are prominent in pathological forms of dissociation (such as dissociative identity disorder). We currently are conducting studies exploring how individual differences in dissociation are related to a wide range of clinical phenomena, including obsessions and compulsions; post-traumatic stress reactions; and disordered, schizotypal thinking. We also are investigating how dissociative processes may be implicated in the frequency of dream recall and in other sleep-related phenomena, such as narcolepsy, false awakenings, lucid dreaming, and hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations.
Related Readings:
- Watson, D. (in press). Dissociations of the night: Individual differences in sleep-related experiences and their relation to dissociation and schizotypy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology.
1996-2000
Gray, E. K., & Watson, D. (in press). Emotion, mood, and temperament: Similarities, differences--and a synthesis. In R. L. Payne & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Emotions at work. New York: Wiley.
Watson, D. (in press). Positive affectivity: The disposition to experience pleasurable emotional states. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), The handbook of positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Watson, D., & Vaidya, J. (in press). Mood measurement: Current status and future directions. In J. A. Schinka & W. Velicer (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychology. Volume 2: Research Methods. New York: Wiley.
Watson, D. (in press). Dissociations of the night: Individual differences in sleep-related experiences and their relation to dissociation and schizotypy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology.
Doebbeling, B. N., Clarke, W. R., Watson, D., Torner, J. C., Woolson, R. F., Voelker, M. D., Barrett, D. H., & Schwartz, D. A. (2000). Is there a Persian Gulf War Syndrome? Evidence from a large population-based survey. American Journal of Medicine, 108, 695-704.
Martin, R., Watson, D, & Wan, C. K. (2000). A three-factor model of trait anger: Dimensions of affect, behavior, and cognition. Journal of Personality, 68, 869-897.
Ready, R., E., Clark, L. A., Watson, D., & Westerhouse, K. (2000). Self- and peer-reported personality: Agreement, trait ratability, and the 'self-based heuristic'. Journal of Research in Personality, 34, 208-224.
Watson, D. (2000). Basic problems in positive mood regulation. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 205-209.
Watson, D. (2000). Mood and temperament. New York: Guilford Press.
Watson, D., Hubbard, B., & Wiese, D. (2000). General traits of personality and affectivity as predictors of satisfaction in intimate relationships: Evidence from self- and partner-ratings. Journal of Personality, 68, 413-449.
Watson, D., Hubbard, B., & Wiese, D. (2000). Self-other agreement in personality and affectivity: Effects of acquaintanceship, trait visibility, and assumed similarity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 546-558.
Watson, D., & Wu, K. (2000). Understanding the obsessive-compulsive spectrum: A four-factor model of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. In M. Maj, N. Sartorius, A. Okasha, & J. Zohar (Eds.), Evidence & Experience in Psychiatry. Vol. 4: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (pp. 228-230). New York: Wiley.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1999). Personality, disorder, and personality disorder: Towards a more rational conceptualization. Journal of Personality Disorders, 13, 142-151.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1999). Temperament: A new paradigm for trait psychology. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality (2nd. ed., pp. 399-423). New York: Guilford Press.
Martin, R., Wan, C. K., David, J. P., Wegner, E. L., Olson, B. D., & Watson, D. (1999). Style of anger expression: Relation to expressivity, personality, and health. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1196-1207.
Tellegen, A., Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1999). Further support for a hierarchical model of affect: Reply to Green and Salovey. Psychological Science, 10, 307-309.
Tellegen, A., Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1999). On the dimensional and hierarchical nature of affect. Psychological Science, 10, 297-303.
Watson, D. (1999). Dimensions underlying the anxiety disorders: A hierarchical perspective. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 12, 181-186.
Watson, D., David, J. P., & Suls, J. (1999). Personality, affectivity and coping. In C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Coping: The psychology of what works (pp. 119-140). New York: Oxford University Press.
Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1999). Issues in the dimensional structure of affect: Effects of descriptors, measurement error, and response formats: Comment on Russell and Carroll (1999). Psychological Bulletin, 125, 601-610.
Watson, D., Wiese, D., Vaidya, J, & Tellegen, A. (1999). The two general activation systems of affect: Structural findings, evolutionary considerations, and psychobiological evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 820-838.
Mineka, S., Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1998). Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 377-412.
Martin, R., & Watson, D. (1997). Style of anger expression and its relation to daily experience. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 285-294.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1997). Extraversion and its positive emotional core. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson, & S. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 767-793). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1997). The measurement and mismeasurement of mood: Recurrent and emergent issues. Journal of Personality Assessment, 68, 267-296.
Marshall, P. S., Watson, D., Steinberg, P., Cornblatt, B., Peterson, P. K., Callies, A., & Schenck, C. (1996). An assessment of cognitive function and mood in chronic fatigue syndrome. Biological Psychiatry, 39, 199-206.
Moras, K., Clark, L. A., Katon, W., Roy-Byrne, P., Watson, D., & Barlow, D. H. (1996). Mixed anxiety depression. In T. A. Widiger, A. J. Frances, H. A. Pincus, R. Ross, M. B. First, & W. W. Davis (Eds.), DSM-IV sourcebook: Vol. 2 (pp. 623-643). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Watson, D., & Hubbard, B. (1996). Adaptational style and dispositional structure: Coping in the context of the five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 64, 737-774.
Watson, D., & Walker, L. M. (1996). The long-term temporal stability and predictive validity of trait measures of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 567-577.
Clark, L. A., Watson, D., & Reynolds, S. (1995). Diagnosis and classification of psychopathology: Challenges to the current system and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 121-153.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1995). Depression and the melancholic temperament. European Journal of Personality, 9, 351-366.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., Weber, K., Assenheimer, J. S., Strauss, M. E., & McCormick, R. A. (1995). Testing a tripartite model: II. Exploring the symptom structure of anxiety and depression in student, adult, and patient samples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 15-25.
Watson, D., Weber, K., Assenheimer, J. S., Clark, L. A., Strauss, M. E., & McCormick, R. A. (1995). Testing a tripartite model: I. Evaluating the convergent and discriminant validity of anxiety and depression symptom scales. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 3-14.
Clark, L. A., Watson, D., & Mineka, S. (1994). Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 103-116.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (Eds.). (1994). Personality and Psychopathology [Special Issue]. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(1).
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Harkness, A. R. (1994). Structures of personality and their relevance to psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 18-31.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1993). Behavioral disinhibition versus constraint: A dispositional perspective. In D. M. Wegner & J. W. Pennebaker (Eds.), Handbook of mental control (pp. 506-527). New York: Prentice-Hall.
Watson, D., & Slack, A. K. (1993). General factors of affective temperament and their relation to job satisfaction over time. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 54, 181-202.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1992). Affects separable and inseparable: On the hierarchical arrangement of the negative affects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 489-505.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1992). On traits and temperament: General and specific factors of emotional experience and their relation to the five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 60, 441-476.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., McIntyre, C. W., & Hamaker, S. (1992). Affect, personality, and social activity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 1011-1025
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Affective dispositions and their relation to psychological and physical health. In C. R. Snyder & D. R. Forsyth (Eds.), Handbook of social and clinical psychology (pp. 221-245). New York: Pergamon.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Theoretical and empirical issues in differentiating depression from anxiety. In J. Becker & A. Kleinman (Eds.), Psychosocial aspects of depression (pp. 39-65). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 316-336.
McIntyre, C. W., Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Cross, S. A. (1991). The effect of induced social interaction on positive and negative affect. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 29, 67-70.
Pennebaker, J. W., & Watson, D. (1991). The psychology of somatic symptoms. In L. J. Kirmayer & J. M. Robbins (Eds.), Current concepts of somatization: Research and clinical perspectives (pp. 21-35). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1991). Self- versus peer-ratings of specific emotional traits: Evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 927-940.
Watson, D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (1991). Situational, dispositional, and genetic bases of symptom reporting. In J. A. Skelton & R. T. Croyle (Eds.), Mental representations in health and illness (pp. 60-84). New York: Springer-Verlag.
McIntyre, C. W., Watson, D., & Cunningham, A. C. (1990). The effects of social interaction, exercise, and test stress on positive and negative affect. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 28, 141-143.
Watson, D. (1990). On the dispositional nature of stress measures: Stable and non-specific influences on self-reported hassles. Psychological Inquiry, 1, 34-37.
Clark, L. A., Watson, D., & Leeka, J. (1989). Diurnal variation in the positive affects. Motivation and Emotion, 13, 205-234.
Kendall, P. C., & Watson, D. (Eds.) (1989). Anxiety and depression: Distinctive and overlapping features. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Watson, D. (1989). Strangers' ratings of the five robust personality factors: Evidence of a surprising convergence with self-report. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 120-128.
Watson, D., & Kendall, P. C. (1989). Understanding anxiety and depression: Their relation to negative and positive affective states. In P. C. Kendall & D. Watson (Eds.), Anxiety and Depression: Distinctive and overlapping features (pp. 3-26). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Watson, D., & Kendall, P. C. (1989). Common and differentiating features of anxiety and depression: Current findings and future directions. In P. C. Kendall & D. Watson (Eds.), Anxiety and depression: Distinctive and overlapping features (pp. 493-508). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Watson, D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (1989). Health complaints, stress, and distress: Exploring the central role of Negative Affectivity. Psychological Review, 96, 234-254.
Barr, M., Pennebaker, J. W., & Watson, D. (1988). Improving blood pressure estimation through internal and environmental feedback. Psychosomatic Medicine, 50, 37-45.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1988). Mood and the mundane: Relations between daily life events and self-reported mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 296-308.
Pennebaker, J. W., & Watson, D. (1988). Blood pressure estimation and beliefs among normotensives and hypertensives. Health Psychology, 7, 309-328.
Pennebaker, J. W., & Watson, D. (1988). Self-reports and physiological measures in the workplace. In J. J. Hurrell, Jr., L. R. Murphy, S. L. Sauter, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Occupational stress: Issues and developments in research (pp. 184-199). New York: Taylor & Francis.
Watson, D. (1988). Intraindividual and interindividual analyses of Positive and Negative Affect: Their relation to health complaints, perceived stress, and daily activities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1020-1030.
Watson, D. (1988). The vicissitudes of mood measurement: The effects of varying descriptors, time frames, and response formats on measures of Positive and Negative Affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 128-141.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Carey, G. (1988). Positive and Negative Affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 346-353.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of Positive and Negative Affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
Watson, D., Pennebaker, J. W., & Folger, R. (1987). Beyond Negative Affectivity: Measuring stress and satisfaction in the workplace. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 8, 141-157.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1984). Negative Affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 465-490.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1984). Cross-cultural convergence in the structure of mood: A Japanese replication and a comparison with U.S. findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 127-144.
Watson, D., & Kendall, P. C. (1983). Methodological issues in research on coping with chronic disease. In T. G. Burish & L. A. Bradley (Eds.), Coping with chronic disease: Research and applications (pp. 39-81). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Watson, D. (1982). The actor and the observer: How are their perceptions of causality divergent? Psychological Bulletin, 92, 682-700.
Watson, D. (1982). Neurotic tendencies among chronic pain patients: An MMPI item analysis. Pain, 14, 365-385.
Tellegen, A., Kamp, J., & Watson, D. (1982). Recognizing individual differences in predictive structure. Psychological Review, 89, 95-l05.
Kendall, P. C., & Watson, D. (1981). Psychological preparation for stressful medical procedures. In C. K. Prokop & L. A. Bradley (Eds.), Medical psychology: Contributions to behavioral medicine (pp. 197-221). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.